The five covers at the top of this post represent my five published works, in chronological order. Let’s take a closer look.

The first cover is a magazine, Galaxy, gone now but once highly influential. It was my first publication and I had the good fortune not only to be placed in Galaxy, but to be the cover story.

Just under the magazine title you will see a yellow-orange rectangle which can’t be read because of data loss. It gives my name and the title of my novella, then lists “Greg Benford: The Stars in Shroud, plus Pournelle, Fabian, Walker:.

These five covers are in order of their publication, not their creation. After a first novel which was unsaleable, I wrote Jandrax. Then I wrote the beginnings of the Menhir novels —  about as many words as Jandrax, but only a fraction of what that project would eventually become. Then I wrote A Fond Farewell to Dying.

At that time I was still unpublished. Before FFTD was finished, I had recognized that a chunk out of the middle could be separately marketed as a novella. I extracted it, trimmed it to fit, and sent it to Galaxy, then finished FFTD. They bought the novella, changed the name to To Go Not Gently, and provided the cover art. All I had to do was sign my name to the contract.

I’ve told all this before, but today we are here to analyze cover art. The scene depicted is quite accurate to the story. That often doesn’t happen. The guy in the center is David Singer, aka Ram David Singh, an American biologist working in the post-nuke era when India is the only remaining country which wasn’t basically destroyed by the last war. He is on his way to an important meeting as he passes through the Avenue of Abominations, a street in Bombay where mutants gather.

It is a somewhat old fashioned style of cover art, completely appropriate to a magazine which had been around since the Golden Age of science fiction.

Jandrax came next. I received an acceptance after TGNG had been bought, but before it was published. The sale of TGNG had no influence.

The art, by Doug Bleekman, is superb. Again, I had nothing to do with it. I saw it first when the author’s copies of the book arrived by mail. The creatures are leers, and yes they should be giant birds, and yes they were supposed to be pink. They also had teeth. I knew that brown reads fierce and pink reads silly, but I chose to work against expectations. The fellow with the long hair, leather clothing, and antique rifle is also true to the novel. He is a second generation survivor of a lost and stranded starship.

My first review, a one-liner in Locus, just talked about fierce flamingos. I have to accept that. Covers are completely about snap judgements.

Notice how big the title is, and how yellow. Against the pink sky and above the pink birds, it really grabs the eye. Notice how tiny my name is. That, too, is appropriate. It was my first novel; nobody had heard of me; making my name bigger would not have sold any more books, and it would have detracted from the overall effect.

I loved that cover. I didn’t love the next one, but we can talk about that next week.

More next time.

When you pick up a book that you might want to read, the first thing you see is the cover. It would be hard to overstate it’s importance.

On the Mary Tyler Moore show, decades ago, Mary asked an author in an interview, “When did you know your book would become a bestseller?” He replied, “When I saw that they had put a naked woman on the cover.”

Yeah, it’s like that.

When I was in college in the sixties, I would stop at the State News just about every day to see what was new. I would pick up any book whose cover caught my eye and read the first page. Most of the time, that was enough. It went back on the rack.

Bookstores are disappearing, and we are all on-line now. A few years ago, if a cover caught my eye, I would go to Amazon, check out the read me function and read the first page. Usually that would lead to the same result, no sale. Lately, the name has changed to read sample and it seems to be missing for a lot of the books I want to know more about. I end up chasing reviews.

Covers have become increasingly important in e-life, since they are frequently the only thing the would-be reader gets.

By now you must be wondering about the covers at the top of this post. They represent my five published works, in chronological order. Which one is not like the others?

You might say top left. True, because it is of different proportions, wider for its height. That is because it is a digest size magazine, not a novel.

Second choice? I hope you said bottom right because that cover represents the shift to on-line sales.

At a newsstand, or in a bookstore, or in a dump in a grocery store, (a dump is a temporary cardboard bookshelf provided by the publisher) you only see the cover when it is on the book. It is always full size.

On-line we see thumbnails of covers. The beautiful artwork that used to adorn them, and still does in many cases, requires a microscope to admire. The title and author, however, have to be readable at any scale.

Cyan is primarily an e-book, with POD (print on demand) available for those who don’t want to read on screen. It is not self-published; EDGE of Canada published it. They provided appropriate cover art and made the title and author’s name quite large.

Since I am now in the process of starting self-publication, I have become even more focused on covers. E-book covers are now mostly words. There is usually still cover art and often it is excellent. Once it springs to size on your desktop computer or tablet, you can appreciate it. Not so much on a small screen e-reader, and on your smart phone the cover is pretty much still a thumbnail.

I have seen hundreds of e-covers while doing research. Many put everything in its proper proportion. Many others are basically just title and author’s name, with minimal artwork. Others look like they were produced for the newsstand with nice art, but the title and author’s name are far to small to be effective in a thumbnail.

Nevertheless, the artwork is usually still there, and it can still boost sales if it is eye-catching. It can still kill sales if it is ugly, or inappropriate for the text inside. It’s just harder to deal with now that it is tiny while in it’s native environment, your smart phone.

More on this next time.